Intrinsic orbital moment and prediction of a large orbital Hall effect in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

Abstract

Carrying information using generation and detection of the orbital current, instead of the spin current, is an emerging field of research, where the orbital Hall effect (OHE) is an important ingredient. Here, we propose a new mechanism of the OHE that occurs in {\it non-}centrosymmetric materials. We show that the broken inversion symmetry in the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) causes a robust orbital moment, which flow in different directions due to the opposite Berry curvatures under an applied electric field, leading to a large OHE. This is in complete contrast to the inversion-symmetric systems, where the orbital moment is induced only by the external electric field. We show that the valley-orbital locking as well as the OHE both appear even in the absence of the spin-orbit coupling. The non-zero spin-orbit coupling leads to the well-known valley-spin locking and the spin Hall effect, which we find to be weak, making the TMDCs particularly suitable for direct observation of the OHE, with potential application in {\it orbitronics}.