Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide an insight and overview of what is known about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sports. The article focuses on the assessment of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Pakistani sports setup. It then provide to a discussion on the determinants and outcomes of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The present research entitled “Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for Pakistani elite athletes†was conducted to study the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation supported by previous research studies for sports performance. The research was conducted to keep in mind the worst performance of Pakistani athletes in Olympics games since 1948. Examining these basic ideas help to understand the behavior ofPakistani athlete.As mentioned above, we consider that it was essential to go further than the Fortier and colleagues’ (1995) effort by counting athletes’ insight of self-sufficiency, capability and relatedness in order to observe the relationships between intrinsic & extrinsic motivation. It was hypothesized that overall “motivation will positively contribute to the development of sports performanceâ€.
Highlights
The study of motivation is a seeking for the causesof behaviorwhy do people behave as they do? Motivation is usually viewed as perhaps only to skill ability as a factor in sport success; there are many individuals who might give motivation the gold star ranking
While 83 Pakistani sportsmen had failed to win any medal at the 1948 London Olympics and at the 1952 Helsinki games, the 62-member national squad managed a silver medal at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, where the hockey stars had gone into the finals against the triumphant Indians — who had ended up clinching the top honors with a 1-0 margin.The 49-member Pakistani squad went on to win its first-ever gold medal at the 1960 Rome Olympics by crushing all over their arch-rivals India under captain Abdul Hameed ‘Hameedi,’
The study outcomes include significant difference between the people of both sexes in intrinsic motivation variables: ability to learn skills, and physical presentation. In addition both male and females, foundation of intrinsic motivation were directly related to a player's task orientation, task climate, and professed ability. Both sexes’ basis of sport intrinsic motivation were exposed to be efficiently calculated by a player's task direction motivation,(Vealey, 1998), task climate, and self-perceived ability (Wu & Chi, 2000), such results are in line with outcomes of numerous earlier done researches“(Shane, 2000); The current study indicated that the participation in task oriented activities got good results towards the development of motivationof the Pakistani athletes
Summary
The study of motivation is a seeking for the causesof behaviorwhy do people behave as they do? Motivation is usually viewed as perhaps only to skill ability as a factor in sport success; there are many individuals who might give motivation the gold star ranking. After interviewing from many colleges and professional athletes who were participating in a number of different sports, Frost concluded that “personal pride was the primary factor that drove athletes to high level of competition” In their application of Skinnerian psychology to sport and physical education, Rushall and Siendentop presented an entirely different justification of the theory of motivation. Hull’s (1943) argued that the psychological needs and desire force the person to do something to fulfill required approaches and this act is the exact purpose to acquire the essential psychological wants and desire These perceptions are counterpart with each other and the basic idea behinds these concepts that some behavior do not need any kind of support as given in the definition of intrinsically motivated behavior Deci, (1971). The scale has 28 items (4 items for each of the 7 sub-scales)
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