Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on visual function and retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).MethodsThirty eyes of twenty-eight patients (mean age, 57.9±13.8 years) with DME were included in this study. Complete ophthalmic examination, including determination of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoscopic biomicroscopy, and retinal thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography (OCT), was done at baseline and at each follow-up visit. All patients were treated with a 0.05 mL intravitreal injection containing 1.25 mg of bevacizumab.ResultsAll patients completed 3 months of follow-up with a mean follow-up period of 5.26±2.39 months. The mean BCVA at baseline was 0.73±0.36 logMAR, which significantly improved to 0.63±0.41 (p=0.02), 0.58±0.36 (p=0.003), and 0.61±0.40 logMAR (p=0.006) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Final BCVA analysis demonstrated that 15 eyes (50%) remained stable and 12 (40%) improved ≥2 lines on BCVA. The mean central retinal thickness was 498.96±123.99 µm at baseline and decreased to 359.06±105.97 (p<0.001), 334.40±121.76 (p<0.001), 421.40±192.76 µm (p=0.035) at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. No ocular toxicity or adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsIntravitreal bevacizumab injection resulted in significant improvement in BCVA and central retinal thickness as early as 1 week after injection in patients with DME, and this beneficial effect persisted for up to 3 months. However, the slight reduction in this improvement at 3 months suggests that repeated bevacizumab injections might be necessary. To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy, further prospective randomized controlled clinical trials will be needed.