Abstract
BackgroundEmulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a novel intravenous general anesthetic, which can provide rapid anesthetic induction and recovery. EIso preconditioning could attenuate heart, lung and liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the hypothesis that intravenous pretreatment with EIso would protect kidneys against I/R injury by inhibiting systemic inflammatory responses and improving renal antioxidative ability.MethodsRats were randomly divided into these six groups: sham, I/R, intralipid, 1, 2 or 4 ml/kg EIso. Rats were subjected to 45 min left renal pedicle occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion after right nephrectomy. Rat were treated with intravenous 8% EIso with 1, 2 or 4 ml/kg, or 30% intralipid with 2 ml/kg for 30 min before ischemia, respectively. After reperfusion, renal functional parameters, serum mediator concentrations and markers of oxidative stress in kidney tissues were determined, and renal histopathological analysis were performed.ResultsSerum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin c, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 concentrations were significantly increased after renal I/R as compared to the sham group. So was renal tissue MDA content and histological scores, but renal tissue SOD activity was decreased. Additionally, severe morphological damages were observed in these study groups. In contrast, 2 or 4 ml/kg EIso reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin c, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, decreased renal tissue MDA content and histological scores, increased serum interleukin-10 level and tissue SOD activity as compared to the I/R, intralipid and 1 ml/kg EIso groups. Renal morphological damages were alleviated after pretreatment of 2 or 4 ml/kg EIso.ConclusionsIntravenous EIso produces preconditioning against renal I/R injury in rats, which might be mediated by attenuating inflammation and increasing antioxidation ability.
Highlights
Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a novel intravenous general anesthetic, which can provide rapid anesthetic induction and recovery
Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a novel intravenous general anesthetic, which has been the subject of recent research because it was found to eliminate the need for specific ventilatory circuits, provide rapid anesthetic induction and recovery, have remarkable hemodynamic stability [15] and low environmental pollution and tissue toxicity [16]
Both 2 and 4 ml/kg EIso preconditioning markedly decreased serum Cr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and cystatin c (CYC) concentrations compared with the I/R, intralipid and 1 ml/kg EIso groups (P < 0.05) (Table 2)
Summary
Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a novel intravenous general anesthetic, which can provide rapid anesthetic induction and recovery. Emulsified isoflurane (EIso) is a novel intravenous general anesthetic, which has been the subject of recent research because it was found to eliminate the need for specific ventilatory circuits, provide rapid anesthetic induction and recovery, have remarkable hemodynamic stability [15] and low environmental pollution and tissue toxicity [16]. It can be administered intravenously rather than as an inhalant. It is showed that intravenous pretreatment with 2 or 4 ml/kg EIso affords effective protection against myocardial ischemia in rats by inhibiting apoptosis [15]. Whether EIso administered before ischemia could protect kidneys against reperfusion injury remains unknown
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