Abstract
Introduction: Pain control is an essential care for patients with renal colic in emergency wards. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of intravenous (IV) paracetamol (PC) versus ketorolac (KET) for patients with renal colic. Patients and Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 110 patients with renal colic referred to the emergency department of Kosar hospital, Semnan between October 2015 and June 2016 were selected. Eighty-eight patients were divided into two groups (44 patients in each group) of PC (1 g/IV) and KET (30 mg/IV). One patient in each group was excluded during the study. Vital signs and pain severity (measured by visual analogue scale [VAS]) of all patients were recorded at admission time 0, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after treatment. Then, the results were compared in two groups. Results: The results showed that at the time of 0, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after the administration of the PC and KET drugs, no significant difference was seen in severity of pain based on VAS score between the two groups (P<0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences in the vital signs of two groups (P<0.05). No adverse effects were reported in each group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of IV-PC and KET in patients with renal colic had similar pain relieving effects without any adverse effects.
Highlights
Pain control is an essential care for patients with renal colic in emergency wards
Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education: In a randomized controlled clinical trial on 110 patients with renal colic, we found the similar efficacy in pain relieving for paracetamol versus ketorolac
Patients and Methods Study design In a randomized, single blind and controlled clinical trial, 110 patients with renal colic (18 to 55 years) referred to emergency ward of Kosar hospital, affiliated to Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran, were enrolled into the study and 86/110 cases were investigated between October 2015 and June 2016
Summary
Renal colic usually presents as an intermittent and severe flank pain [1]. The prevalence of renal colic is thought to be between 2% to 3%. Renal colic pain is characterized by a sudden intense, sharp and bothering pain located in the flank or abdominal area [4] This commonly happens when a urinary stone obstructs the ureter. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids are commonly used as pain relievers in emergency department. Both of these classes of drugs have many side effects [6]. It was shown that the analgesic effect of IV-PC is induced by cyclooxygenase and serotonin system inhibition and this makes it a safe analgesic drug This agent passes through the blood brain barrier and reaches a high concentration in the central nervous system [13]
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