Intravenous lacosamide (LCM) in status epilepticus (SE): Weight-adjusted dose and efficacy

Abstract

BackgroundSome studies suggest higher efficacy of lacosamide (LCM) in status epilepticus (SE) with higher loading doses; however, this weight-adjusted dose has not been evaluated. ObjectiveThe objective was to evaluate the relationship between loading weight-adjusted dose and efficacy of LCM in SE. MethodsA group of patients with SE treated with LCM from Spanish hospitals was examined retrospectively. Demographic data, type of SE, etiology, response rate, last antiepileptic drug (AED) used, treatment line in which LCM was used, total loading dose, and weight-adjusted dose were collected. ResultsOne hundred sixty-five cases of SE were collected; 87 (52.7%) patients had nonconvulsive SE. Mean age was 64.2 ± 17.2 and 60.6% (n = 100) were men. Regarding etiology, SE was considered as acute symptomatic in 85 (51.5%), remote symptomatic in 51 (30.9%), progressive symptomatic in 10 (6.1%), and cryptogenic in 19 (11.5%). Lacosamide was used as the third drug in 46.1%, and as a second option in 28%. In 115 patients, clonazepam had been used as the first option, and no benzodiazepines had been administered in the remaining 50. The median loading dose was 400 mg (100–600 mg), and the weight-adjusted dose was 5 mg/kg (3–6 mg/kg). The response rate was 63.3%, and 55.1% responded within the first 12 h.Efficacy was significantly higher in patients who had taken benzodiazepines at LCM loading doses >5.3 mg/kg (p = 0.006). This relationship was maintained independent of using other concomitant AEDs. However, if benzodiazepines were not taken, this relationship was not found. ConclusionsIn adults with benzodiazepine-resistant SE, the response rate to LCM was higher, with weight-adjusted doses above 5.3 mg/kg.