Intravenous iron therapy for patients with iron deficiency and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Introduction Heart failure (HF) presents a significant health challenge, with intravenous (IV) iron therapy considered a potential treatment avenue. Method We assessed IV iron therapy’s efficacy in HF patients with concurrent iron deficiency versus standard of care. Primary outcomes included the composite of HF hospitalizations or cardiovascular-related mortality, HF hospitalizations, and all-cause, HF, and cardiovascular mortality rates. Secondary measures encompassed improvements in New York Heart Association functional classification, quality of life, 6-minute walk test, left ventricular ejection fraction, and adverse events. We used a random-effects model to compute relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Based on an analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials involving 6614 patients, IV iron therapy significantly reduced composite outcome (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.96; P = 0.01) and HF hospitalizations (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89; P = 0.002) compared to standard of care. Mortality rates showed no significant difference. IV iron therapy improved New York Heart Association functional classification, quality of life, and 6-minute walk test, with no major impact on left ventricular ejection fraction. Adverse events remained stable. Conclusions IV iron therapy holds promise for diminishing HF hospitalizations and enhancing quality of life and 6-minute walk test in HF patients. Yet, its effect on all-cause or cardiovascular mortalities appears limited.