Intravenous iron dextran treatment in predialysis patients with chronic renal failure

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with chronic renal failure not undergoing hemodialysis. Current therapy consists of oral or intravenous (IV) iron dextran (IVID). The standard IV regimen is 100 to 200 mg/dose for a 1-g total dose. We hypothesized that 500 mg/wk of IVID for two doses would be less costly and equally effective as 200 mg/wk for five doses. We prospectively studied 22 patients with creatinine clearances less than 50 mL/min who were not undergoing dialysis and had anemia and evidence of iron deficiency (ferritin level <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation [TSAT] <20%). Patients were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 8), 200 mg/wk of IVID for 5 weeks, and group II (n = 14), 500 mg/wk of IVID for 2 weeks. All patients tolerated IVID infusions without serious adverse reactions. Over the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced an increase in hemoglobin levels from baseline. Ferritin levels in both groups increased (P < 0.005), peaked at 2 weeks, then declined thereafter. Over the 6-month follow-up, both groups experienced significant improvement, although the beneficial effects of group II declined at a significantly faster rate than group I (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in change in ferritin levels between groups. TSAT peaked at 2 weeks in both groups (P < 0.001). Group I experienced a significant increase in TSAT throughout the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.03), and group II achieved a significant increase in TSAT at 2 weeks, but not at 3 and 6 months. There was no significant difference in pretreatment to posttreatment change in TSAT. Treatment in group II was 35.2% more cost-effective than in group I ($965 versus $1,490, respectively). We conclude that IVID, 500 mg/wk, for 2 weeks is as effective and safe as 200 mg/wk for 5 weeks, but much less costly.