Abstract
Simple SummaryMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are found in connective tissues, can be used to treat spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs. These stem cells have the ability to repair damaged tissues and can be transplanted into the injured area. While this is considered a promising treatment, the transplanted cells often do not survive in the injured spinal cord. In this study, we found that heat shock treatment, i.e., exposure to high temperatures, increased the efficacy of MSC treatment for SCI.Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, many transplanted cells die within a few days, eventually limiting the efficacy of cellular therapy. To overcome this problem, we focused on the potential of heat shock (HS) proteins in facilitating recovery from cell damage and protecting against cytotoxicity. PCR results showed that the expression of neurotrophic factor, anti-inflammatory, stemness, and homing genes increased in HS-treated MSCs. We investigated whether HS-treated MSCs could promote recovery of hindlimb function in an acute canine SCI model. We compared the effects of intravenous transplantation with (i) lactated Ringer’s solution as a control, (ii) green fluorescent protein-expressing MSCs (MSCs-GFP), and (iii) GFP-expressing and HS-treated MSCs (MSCs-GFP-HS). Spinal cords were harvested at four weeks and used for Western blot and histopathological analyses. The MSCs-GFP-HS group showed significant improvements in hindlimb function from weeks 3 and 4 compared with the other groups. This group also showed higher expression of neural markers, fewer intervening fibrotic changes, and pronounced myelination. These results suggest that induction of an HS response in MSCs could promote neural sparing. In conclusion, transplantation of HS-treated MSCs could improve neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in acute SCI.
Highlights
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), such as contusion and compression, disrupts neural circuits, resulting in sensory and motor problems [1,2]
Many transplanted cells die within the first few days because of the hostile environment, which reduces the effectiveness of cell therapy [9,10,11]
Heat shock treatment was identified by the genes related to heat shock response
Summary
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), such as contusion and compression, disrupts neural circuits, resulting in sensory and motor problems [1,2]. Preserved tissue in injured areas has been suggested to contribute to the repair of damaged neural circuits [2]. Animals 2020, 10, 2164 only a small number of host neurons remain in the injured spinal cord [5,6]. From this viewpoint, transplantation of exogenous neurons to injured areas of the spinal cord would be an ideal approach for treating SCI. Many transplanted cells die within the first few days because of the hostile environment, which reduces the effectiveness of cell therapy [9,10,11]
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