Abstract
Ureaplasma diversum is an opportunistic pathogen associated with uterine inflammation, impaired embryo implantation, infertility, abortions, premature birth of calves and neonatal pneumonia in cattle. It has been suggested that the intra-uterine infection by Ureaplasma diversum can cause vascular changes that hinder the success of pregnancy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of intrauterine site of A/J mice in estrus or proestrus phase inoculated with Ureaplasma diversum. The infection was monitored at 24, 48 and 72 hours by the PCR methodology to detect the Ureaplasma in the inoculation site and the profile of circulating blood cells. Morphological changes, intensity of inflammation and the production of cytokines were compared. The infected mice showed local inflammation through the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Ureaplasma diversum infections in the reproductive tract of studied mice seemed to be associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in uterine parenchyma. The levels of TNF-α of infected mice were dependent on the bacterial load of inoculated Ureaplasma. Uterine experimental infections by Ureaplasma diversum have not been mentioned yet and herein we presented the first report of an intrauterine infection model in mice.
Highlights
Ureaplasmas are free-living microorganisms characterized by the absence of cell wall and are involved in reproductive disorders in humans and animals (Versalovic et al 2011)
The ureaplasmal targeted DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in uterus tissues at all experimental time points of infection inoculated with the lowest inoculum (Figure 2c)
The presence of U. diversum in the reproductive tract of cattle hosts is associated with spontaneous abortion or premature birth of calves (Kreplin and Maitland 1989)
Summary
Ureaplasmas are free-living microorganisms characterized by the absence of cell wall and are involved in reproductive disorders in humans and animals (Versalovic et al 2011). They have a small genome characterized by limited biosynthetic capabilities (Glass et al 2000). The compounds generated from the urea hydrolysis, as ammonia, are toxic to local cells (Miller et al 1994). Their adherence on the host cells, allows access to lipids, pyrimidines and purines (Gambarini et al 2009)
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