Intrauterine device placement at 3 versus 6 weeks postpartum: a randomized trial

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate whether early placement of an intrauterine device (IUD) at 3weeks after delivery, compared to placement at 6weeks, is associated with greater use at 3months postpartum. Study DesignThis prospective randomized, controlled trial enrolled inpatient postpartum women intending to use intrauterine contraception. Participants were assigned to an early (3week) or standard (6week) postpartum visit with IUD placement and were followed for 6months. We used transvaginal ultrasonography to confirm placement and measure uterine dimensions. We measured pain with IUD insertion and satisfaction with IUD timing using 100-mm visual analog scales. Data were analyzed based on randomization and actual timing of insertion (18–24 vs. 39–45days). ResultsBetween February 2012 and December 2013, 201 subjects were enrolled (early=101; standard=100). Most participants returned for IUD placement as scheduled; 70.1% (53/75) in the early group, 74.3% (58/78) in the standard group (p=.06). IUD use did not differ between groups at 3months (73/100, 73.0% and 73/97, 75.3%, respectively, p=.72) or 6months (80.3% and 82.8%, p=.71) amongst those women for whom follow-up was available. Women randomized to 6-week insertion were more likely to have resumed intercourse prior to the IUD appointment (15/64, 23.4% vs. 5/68, 7.3%, p=.01). Pain with insertion (19.9 vs. 25.1, respectively, p=.21) and satisfaction (89.6 vs. 93.4, respectively, p=.23) did not vary based on actual timing of insertion. ConclusionOffering IUD placement at 3weeks postpartum compared to standard scheduling at 6weeks does not result in increased use at 3months. However, early IUD placement is acceptable to women and without increased pain. ImplicationsThis study demonstrates that IUD placement as early as 3weeks postpartum is feasible. Larger studies are needed to evaluate risks and benefits of IUD placement at this early interval. While earlier timing does not result in increased IUD uptake, early placement should be explored as an option since many women resume intercourse before 6weeks.