Abstract
More than half of the species within the family Bufonidae are contained within the genus Bufo. The 450 species of this genus are distributed throughout most major land masses of the world, including the Americas, Eurasia, Africa and excluding Australo-Papuan Realm and Madagascar (Frost, 2002). Because of their cosmopolitan distribution and variable life histories, these toads are of interest to investigators researching evolutionary history and biogeography (Pramuk et al., 2001). The Common toad Bufo bufo is a wideranging species, with a distribution encompassing much of Europe (except in northern Scandinavia), parts of northern Africa and western Asia (Luscher et al., 2001). Three subspecies are recognised: B. b. gredosicola from central Spain, B. b. spinosus from the Mediterranean region including southern Spain, southern France, southern Switzerland, Italy, several southeastern countries and northern Africa, and B. b. bufo from the other parts of Europe, including the north of the Swiss Alps (Luscher et al., 2001). The taxonomic status of Bufo bufo in Turkey is still disputed. It is believed to be represented by 3 subspecies. Bodenheimer (1944) identified
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