Abstract
BackgroundLung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a high incidence worldwide. The current drug therapies for ARDS have supportive effects, making them inefficient. New methods such as stromal cell therapy are needed for this problem.MethodsThis research was performed with ten New Zealand rabbits in two groups. Bone marrow aspiration was performed on the treated group, and mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured. The experimental model of ARDS was induced using LPS from Escherichia coli strain O55:B5. Then, 1010 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were autologously transplanted intrapulmonary in the treatment group, and 1–2 ml of PBS in the control group. The clinical signs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, echocardiography, blood gas analysis, complete blood count, and cytokine levels were measured before and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after BM-MSC transplant. Finally, the rabbits were killed, and histopathological examination was performed.ResultsThe results showed that BM-MSCs decreased the severity of clinical symptoms, the number of white blood cells and heterophils in the blood, the total cell count, and number of heterophils and macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage, and balanced the values of arterial blood gases (increase in partial pressure of oxygen and O2 saturation and decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide). They also downregulated the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and increased the IL-10 concentrations at different times compared with time 0 and in the control group, significantly. In the CT scan, a significant decrease in the Hounsfield units and total lung volume was found by echocardiography, and in comparing the two groups, a significant difference in the parameters was noticed. The histopathology demonstrated that the BM-MSCs were able to reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells and pulmonary hemorrhage and edema.ConclusionsThis study indicated that BM-MSCs play a significant role in the repair of lung injury.
Highlights
Lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a high incidence worldwide
Improved clinical signs with Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) According to the statistical analysis, reduction of respiratory rate (RR) in the treatment group was significant at 24 h (p = 0.002), 48 h (p = 0.036), 72 h (p = 0.037), and 168 h (p = 0.042) after Bone marrow (BM)-MSC transplant compared with time 0
Heart rate (HR) reduction was significant at 24 h (p = 0.047) after transplant compared with time 0, but in RR and HR in the control group, it was not significantly different at various times
Summary
Lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have a high incidence worldwide. The current drug therapies for ARDS have supportive effects, making them inefficient New methods such as stromal cell therapy are needed for this problem. Therapeutic approaches include mechanical ventilation, neuromuscular blocking agents, fluid management, drug and antimicrobial therapy, and prone positioning [3, 5, 6]. These therapeutic strategies have a supportive role and cannot prevent the progression of the disease [7,8,9,10]. In this study, the rabbit was used as a model for causing ARDS, and it was treated with stromal cells. The aim of this study was evaluation of therapeutic potential intrapulmonary administration of BM-MSCs in an experimental model of E. coli LPS-induced ARDS in the rabbit
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