Intrapersonal Risk and Protective Factors for NSSI

Abstract

Abstract This chapter begins by defining risk and protective factors, with a focus on their use in the context of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Theoretically, risk factor constructs should both be observable prior to the onset of NSSI and differentiate those who do and do not develop NSSI over time. Whereas risk factors are constructs that increase risk, protective factors are those that decrease risk. There are several additional critical considerations when reviewing risk factors, such as the variation of risk factor potency across populations and the implications of different types of risk factors (fixed risk factors, variable risk factors, and causal risk factors). The chapter then describes the barriers to research on NSSI risk and protective factors; among the most critical includes NSSI measurement. Risk factor research requires that the outcome of interest can be defined and measured clearly and consistently. Unfortunately, definitions and measures of NSSI vary widely across researchers. The chapter also summarizes the current state of research on intrapersonal (i.e., factors that occur within someone) NSSI risk and protective factors.