Intraparenchymal and Intraventricular Hemorrhage without Mass Effect in Traumatic Coma

Abstract

A group of 57-head injured patients showing computerized tomographic (CT) findings compatible with "diffuse brain injury" or of the so called "diffuse axonal injury" is analyzed. Thirty-four patients showed intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the CT scan study, 8 intraventricular hemorrhage and 15 patients had both intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage. Forty percent (23/57) of those with these findings had associated intracranial focal lesions. The deep nuclei are the most common location of intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Signs of brain stem hemorrhage were seen in 9 patients. Forty-nine percent of patients in this series had a good outcome. Old age (greater than 60), abnormal motor response, abnormal eye signs, associated with focal lesions, and evidence of brain stem hemorrhage are reliable prognostic parameters for a grave outcome.