Intraoral scanners in implant prosthodontics. A narrative review

Abstract

ObjectivesTo review the developments in intraoral scanner (IOS) technologies applied in implant prosthodontics, emphasizing their influence on the accuracy of digital impressions, occlusal registrations, and the fit of implant-supported restorations. DataA collection of published articles related to implant prosthodontics, the accuracy of digital impressions, occlusal registration, and the fit of implant-supported fixed restorations. SourcesThree search engines were selected: Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, and Cochrane. A manual search was also conducted. Study selectionA literature search screened relevant databases and journals for studies on IOS applications in digital implant prosthodontic workflows from Dec 2018 to Dec 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized control trials, clinical trials, case series, and in vitro research focused on the use of IOS in digital implant prosthodontics. ConclusionsThe increased utilization of digital dental technologies has led to significant integration of digital implant prosthodontic workflows into clinicians' clinical practice. Several variables affect the accuracy of digital impressions generated by IOS. Generally, the prevailing opinion in academic papers is that digital workflows are suitable for addressing short-span implant-supported restorations. However, when it comes to long-span defects, the accuracy of digital workflows is still a matter of debate. Digital bite registration is an integral part of the workflow. It depends mainly on the defect size and location, scan strategy, anatomical tooth variations, overbite and other factors. The overall fit of digitally prefabricated implant restorations comprises of proximal, occlusal contacts and how accurately the restoration connects with implants. Research methodologies need standardization for further validation. Clinical significanceIn clinical practice, it is essential to have a thorough and up-to-date comprehension of various factors that can affect the accuracy of digital impressions and the fit of the final prosthesis in implant prosthodontics.