Abstract
RGB optical imaging is a marker-free, contactless, and non-invasive technique that is able to monitor hemodynamic brain response following neuronal activation using task-based and resting-state procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) resting-state procedures cannot be used intraoperatively but RGB imaging provides an ideal solution to identify resting-state networks during a neurosurgical operation. We applied resting-state methodologies to intraoperative RGB imaging and evaluated their ability to identify resting-state networks. We adapted two resting-state methodologies from fMRI for the identification of resting-state networks using intraoperative RGB imaging. Measurements were performed in 3 patients who underwent resection of lesions adjacent to motor sites. The resting-state networks were compared to the identifications provided by RGB task-based imaging and electrical brain stimulation. Intraoperative RGB resting-state networks corresponded to RGB task-based imaging (). Resting state procedures showed a strong correspondence between them () and with electrical brain stimulation. RGB imaging is a relevant technique for intraoperative resting-state networks identification. Intraoperative resting-state imaging has several advantages compared to functional task-based analyses: data acquisition is shorter, less complex, and less demanding for the patients, especially for those unable to perform the tasks.
Highlights
Non-invasive functional brain mapping is an imaging technique that allows the locating of functional areas of the patient’s brain
The areas delimited by green contours indicated the contours of the binary task-based and resting-state maps obtained after the thresholding operations, see Equation (4)
The results of this study showed that seed correlation and independent component analysis (ICA) resting-state methods are capable of identifying functional brain areas using intraoperative RGB imaging
Summary
Non-invasive functional brain mapping is an imaging technique that allows the locating of functional areas of the patient’s brain This technique is used during brain tumor resection surgery to indicate to the neurosurgeon the cortical tissues which should not be removed without cognitive impairment. Intraoperative MRI has been suggested, but it complicates the surgical procedure and is, rarely used. For these reasons, electrical brain stimulation (EBS) [3] is preferred during neurosurgery, but this technique is mainly limited by its low spatial resolution (≈5 mm [4]) and has the potential risk to trigger epileptic seizures. Optical imaging provides an ideal solution for intraoperative functional brain mapping because the analysis of the light absorption allows to monitor the brain activity (motor or sensory tasks for example) with quantification of the concentration changes in oxy- (∆CHbO2 ) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (∆CHb ) in brain cortex [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
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