Abstract
This article will describe and characterize the variety of navigation options available to the spine surgeon and how they contribute to modern spine surgery. Current products generally involve preoperative 3D imaging, registration of the patient's anatomy in the operating room, intraoperative 3D visualization, and active stereotactic instrument guidance. Current navigation technology focuses most on accurate pedicle screw placement, but is showing increasing promise for guiding precise osseous resections. As technology improves alongside surgeon familiarity and lowering costs, future applications of this technology for decompression and instrumentation of spinal elements could offer substantial benefits and ultimately produce superior outcomes over traditional techniques.
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