Abstract
Intraoperative imaging in surgical oncology can provide information about the tumor microenvironment as well as information about the tumor margin. Visualizing microstructural features and molecular and functional dynamics may provide important diagnostic and prognostic information, especially when obtained in real-time at the point-of-procedure. A majority of current intraoperative optical techniques are based on the use of the labels, such as fluorescent dyes. However, these exogenous agents disrupt the natural microenvironment, perturb biological processes, and alter the endogenous optical signatures that cells and the microenvironment can provide. Portable nonlinear imaging systems have enabled intraoperative imaging for real-time detection and diagnosis of tissue. We review the development of a label-free multimodal nonlinear optical imaging technique that was adapted into a portable imaging system for intraoperative optical assessment of resected human breast tissue. New developments have applied this technology to assessing needle-biopsy specimens. Needle-biopsy procedures most always precede surgical resection and serve as the first sampling of suspicious masses for diagnosis. We demonstrate the diagnostic feasibility of imaging core needle-biopsy specimens during veterinary cancer surgeries. This intraoperative label-free multimodal nonlinear optical imaging technique can potentially provide a powerful tool to assist in cancer diagnosis at the point-of-procedure.
Highlights
C ANCER is one of the leading causes of death in both humans [1]–[3] and companion animals [4], [5]
This paper presented a brief review of the technical developments and demonstrations that have led to an intraoperative label-free multimodal nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) technique that integrates second harmonic generation (SHG), third harmonic generation (THG), 2PF, and 3PF to provide microstructural, biomolecular, and metabolic information from unperturbed tissue and tumor microenvironments
This technique has been adapted and translated into a portable intraoperative NLOI system that has been previously demonstrated in human breast cancer surgeries
Summary
C ANCER is one of the leading causes of death in both humans [1]–[3] and companion animals [4], [5]. CARS at 2850 cm−1 and 3050 cm−1 correspond to the CH2 and CH aromatic stretching, which indicates the relative lipid and protein content, respectively [57]–[59] These combined nonlinear modalities can provide label-free molecular profiling of intact tissue specimens, which is becoming increasingly important for cancer diagnosis [57][67]. Since SRS relies on existing Raman bands for delineating tumors from normal tissues with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), its ability to reveal structural and biochemical information is somewhat limited [31] This suggests that a multimodal platform for label-free NLOI might be advantageous, for the advancement in fundamental cancer research, and for intraoperative cancer imaging
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Schedule a callMore From: IEEE journal of selected topics in quantum electronics : a publication of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-optics Society
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