Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) in patients receiving tamsulosin or doxazosin—a UK-based comparison of incidence and complication rates

Abstract

The association between intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) and tamsulosin has been well-described. The rate of IFIS in association with other α-1 antagonists needs further clarification. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of IFIS and associated cataract surgery complications in patients taking tamsulosin or doxazosin. Patients receiving tamsulosin or doxazosin, and an equivalent number of controls, were identified using the electronic patient record for cataract surgery performed over 2 years. The presence of IFIS and intraoperative complications were ascertained. Modifications of surgical technique in the form of preoperative 1 % atropine, intraoperative diluted phenylephrine, iris hooks, or highly viscous viscoelastic materials were recorded. Of the 2,785 cataract operations performed in 2,028 patients, 52 cases (1.9 %) were on tamsulosin and 109 were on doxazosin (3.9 %). In the doxazosin group (excluding three cases with incomplete data), significantly more eyes (17 of 106 eyes, 16 %) showed at least one IFIS characteristic than controls, six eyes (6 %) required adjustment of surgical technique, and intraoperative complications occurred in two eyes (1.9 %). In the tamsulosin group, significantly more eyes (25 of 52 eyes, 48 %) demonstrated at least one IFIS feature than control or doxazosin eyes; 18 eyes (35 %) needed adjustment of surgical technique, and seven (13.5 %) suffered intraoperative complications. Incidence of IFIS was significantly higher in tamsulosin and doxazosin patients. The presence of IFIS was associated with a significantly higher complication rate. We would advise that all patients receiving α1 antagonists (not only those receiving tamsulosin) should be identified preoperatively, receive appropriate modifications in preparation, and have alternative techniques and a senior surgeon available at the time of surgery.