Intraocular pressure decreases in eyes with glaucoma-related diagnoses after conversion to aflibercept for treatment-resistant age-related macular degeneration.

Abstract

To understand intraocular pressure (IOP) response after switching from intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and/or ranibizumab (IVR) to intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) for treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in patients with and without coexisting glaucoma-related diagnoses. Retrospective, cross-sectional comparative case series of 62 eyes of 58 patients treated with intravitreal injection for nAMD from March 2010 to April 2018. Patients with glaucoma-related diagnoses, defined here as open-angle glaucoma or suspicion of open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and/or narrow-angle glaucoma, were compared to those without glaucoma. IOP data were collected at baseline, at the three visits where patients received loading doses of IVB/IVR, and at all of the visits following the switch to IVA through the end of follow-up. 19 eyes with pre-existing glaucoma-related diagnoses were compared to 43 eyes without such diagnoses. Baseline IOP was similar for glaucoma and non-glaucoma patients. The loading doses of IVB/IVR did not impact IOP; however, a small, sustained rise in IOP was noted among patients with glaucoma-related diagnoses by the final IVB/IVR injections before the switch to IVA (∆IOP 1.61 ± 0.52 mmHg, P < 0.002). After conversion to IVA, pre-injection IOP declined in eyes both with (-1.59 ± 0.54 mmHg, P < 0.001) and without (-0.99 ± 0.28 mmHg, P < 0.001) glaucoma-related diagnoses. IOP in patients with glaucoma-related diagnoses appears to be more sensitive to intravitreal injections than it is in patients without glaucoma-related diagnoses. It rises with IVB/IVR and declines after the switch to IVA. Switching patients with nAMD to IVA may present an opportunity to lower IOP in patients with glaucoma.