Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Technology for Respiratory Tract Disease Application with a Special Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease.

Elsa N. Bou Ghanem,Manmeet Bhalla,Blaine A. Pfeifer,Justin Bassett,William Walkowski

doi:10.3390/vaccines9060589

Elsa N. Bou Ghanem, Manmeet Bhalla + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060589

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Journal: Vaccines	Publication Date: Jun 2, 2021
Citations: 6	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Abstract

This mini-review will cover recent trends in intranasal (IN) vaccine delivery as it relates to applications for respiratory tract diseases. The logic and rationale for IN vaccine delivery will be compared to methods and applications accompanying this particular administration route. In addition, we will focus extended discussion on the potential role of IN vaccination in the context of respiratory tract diseases, with a special emphasis on pneumococcal disease. Here, elements of this disease, including its prevalence and impact upon the elderly population, will be viewed from the standpoint of improving health outcomes through vaccine design and delivery technology and how IN administration can play a role in such efforts.

Highlights

Emphasis on Pneumococcal Disease.Respiratory tract infectious diseases are ubiquitous due to the airways being the most accessible route to bodily entry
Primary examples of respiratory tract diseases include the yearly occurrences of influenza, pneumonia, and the common cold [5,6]
Respiratory tract diseases have a long history of affecting human health, with ongoing and recent events emphasizing this historical impact

Summary

Introduction

Subsequent infections of the ears, nose, throat, and lungs produce a range of symptoms associated with both viral and bacterial pathogens [1,2,3,4] Such illnesses are readily transmissible via aerosolization [5]. Disease, its relationships to other respiratory tract illnesses ( influenza), and the consideration that must be given to vaccine development will be highlighted. Included in this analysis will be the potential role which IN vaccine delivery might serve. We will link the IN delivery approach to elements of particular respiratory tract illnesses (focusing on pneumococcal disease) and how this administration route can facilitate immune reactivity, or effective treatment more generally, towards the foundations of disease and disease progression

Main Respiratory Illnesses and Their Treatment Methods

Intranasal Vaccine Delivery

Pneumococcal Disease and the Elderly

Findings

Conclusions