Intranasal Delivery: A Review of Nasal Delivery Devices and Influence in the Therapeutic Management

Abstract

Nasal drug delivery and various remedies for drug delivery via the nasal route draws more scientific interest in recent years. In recent years, more attention has been paid to achieving systemic drug action through the nose as an entry point into the body. It is considered a very popular and attractive route for needleless vaccination. It is the choice route for the treatment of local diseases like allergic, non-allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis in nasal-paranasal sinuses. The nasal airway helps to protect the lungs from hazardous exposure. Nasal delivery helps to overcome poor bioavailability, slow absorption, and enzymatic degradation and helps to avoid first-pass metabolism. It also achieves systemic delivery through rapid absorption to give the desired effect. The various devices commonly include nebulizers, dry powder inhalers, nasal spray, nasal implants, etc. This review is mainly focused on the mechanism of nasal absorption, administration of drugs via the nasal route, various devices used in nasal administration, and recent advances to minimize clinical hazards. Keywords: Nasal Drug Delivery; Mechanism; Nasal Cycle; Nasal Delivery Devices