Abstract
Purpose/Objective: There are two main preoperative radiotherapy schedules for rectal cancer: 5 × 5 Gy with immediate surgery and chemoradiation with delayed surgery. Since no downstaging is recorded after 5 × 5 Gy schedule, it seems probable that distal intramural spread is similar to what it is observed after surgery alone. However, the extent of the distal spread is unknown at the time of surgery after chemoradiation. Therefore, the rule of at least 1–2 cm surgical bowel margin distal from gross tumor for these patients may be questioned. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationships between the distal spread and the schedule of preoperative radiotherapy.
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