Intramolecular interactions of L-phenylalanine revealed by inner shell chemical shift

Abstract

Intramolecular interactions of the functional groups, carboxylic acid, amino, and phenyl in L-phenylalanine have been revealed through inner shell chemical shift. The chemical shift and electronic structures are studied using its derivatives, 2-phenethylamine (PEA) and 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA), through substitutions of the functional groups on the chiral carbon C(alpha), i.e., carboxylic acid (-COOH) and amino (-NH(2)) groups. Inner shell ionization spectra of L-phenylalanine are simulated using density functional theory based B3LYP/TZVP and LB94/et-pVQZ models, which achieve excellent agreement with the most recently available synchrotron sourced x-ray photoemission spectroscopy of L-phenylalanine (Elettra, Italy). The present study reveals insight into behavior of the peptide bond (CO-NH) through chemical shift of the C(1)-C(alpha)-C(beta)(-C(gamma)) chain and intramolecular interactions with phenyl. It is found that the chemical shift of the carbonyl C(1)(=O) site exhibits an apparently redshift (smaller energy) when interacting with the phenyl aromatic group. Removal of the amino group (-NH(2)) from L-phenylalanine (which forms PPA) brings this energy on C(1) close to that in L-alanine (delta<0.01 eV). Chemical environment of C(alpha) and C(beta) exhibits more significant differences in L-alanine than in the aromatic species, indicating that the phenyl group indeed affects the peptide bond in the amino acid fragment. No direct evidences are found that the carbonyl acid and amino group interact with the phenyl ring through conventional hydrogen bonds.