Intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the enol forms of β-ketoamides and β-ketothioamides. Deuterium isotope effects on 13C chemical shifts

Abstract

Deuterium isotope effects of 13C chemical shifts are studied in a series of enol and keto forms of β-ketoamides and the corresponding thioamides. In addition, the 2,6-cyclohexanediketo-1-amides and thioamides are studied. The effects of ring size (five- and six-membered rings) on the isotope effects and the tautomeric nature of the systems are also looked into. Rather unusual isotope effects are found for the amides, indicating a tautomeric system of the CONHRCOHNHR type. This is supported by the 17O chemical shift studies. The isotope effects of the simple amides are compared with those of the tetracyclines and piroxicams. The study of N-phenyl-3-phenyl-3-oxo-propiothioamide at low temperature reveals that this thioamide exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans species. The isotope effects and the influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the two species can thus be studied. Thioamides of indan-1,3-diones show tautomeric behaviour, as revealed by very large deuterium isotope effects of both signs. Deuteriation shifts the equilibrium in the direction of the thioamide. Finally, the tendency of a series of β-hydroxy esters, thioesters, anhydrides, amides, thioamides, aldehydes and ketones to become tautomeric is discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding, isotope effects, 2 ΔC(OD), and the nature of the acceptor.