Abstract
Intracellular bacterial symbionts are widespread among insects. Thus, the symbiotic bacterium Wolbachia infects at least 40% of insect species. Some symbionts supply their host with nutrients lacking in food: Buchnera supplies aphids with amino acids and Wolbachia supplies bedbugs with B vitamins. The symbionts of many insect species (Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, etc.) kill male hosts and change the sex ratio in the host population. Many symbionts are transmitted transovarially, like cytoplasmic organelles. As a result of their transmission, together with mitochondria, symbionts influence the mitochondrial gene pool of the host. According to the, hologenome theory of E. Rosenberg and I. Zilber-Rosenberg, the host genome together with the genomes of all its symbionts, act as one unit of natural selection.
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