Abstract
Curcumin has many pharmaceutical applications, many of which arise from its potent antioxidant properties. The present research examined the antioxidant activities of curcumin in polar solvents by a comparative study using ESR, reduction of ferric iron in aqueous medium and intracellular ROS/toxicity assays. ESR data indicated that the steric hindrance among adjacent big size groups within a galvinoxyl molecule limited the curcumin to scavenge galvinoxyl radicals effectively, while curcumin showed a powerful capacity for scavenging intracellular smaller oxidative molecules such as H2O2, HO•, ROO•. Cell viability and ROS assays demonstrated that curcumin was able to penetrate into the polar medium inside the cells and to protect them against the highly toxic and lethal effects of cumene hydroperoxide. Curcumin also showed good electron-transfer capability, with greater activity than trolox in aqueous solution. Curcumin can readily transfer electron or easily donate H-atom from two phenolic sites to scavenge free radicals. The excellent electron transfer capability of curcumin is because of its unique structure and different functional groups, including a β-diketone and several π electrons that have the capacity to conjugate between two phenyl rings. Therfore, since curcumin is inherently a lipophilic compound, because of its superb intracellular ROS scavenging activity, it can be used as an effective antioxidant for ROS protection within the polar cytoplasm.
Highlights
Under stress, human bodies produce substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues
Cells were seeded in 75-cm2 flasks for tissue culture and grown in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 mg mL21 streptomycin and 100 U mL21 penicillin, in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 at 37uC
L-6 myoblasts were used to investigate the ability of curcumin to scavenge intracellular ROS based on the DCF method
Summary
Human bodies produce substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues. Extracellular free radical scavenging was assessed by reducing power and ESR measurements. The oxidation of DCFH2 by intracellular ROS mainly H2O2, HON, ROON, NON and ONOO2 results in fluorescent DCF which stains the cells [21].
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