Abstract
With the development of new and sensitive techniques for detection of very minute quantities of biomolecules now it is possible to identify the changes in the levels of gene regulatory enzymes and other substances. Silver staining in SDS-PAGE (14). Radio receptor [RRA] and Radio immuno assays [RIA] (75) enzyme linked iummuno assays [ELISA] (76). Western; Northern and Southern blotting techniques (77,78) among others can detect upto picogram quantities. Cellular proteins such as cytoskeletal proteins, membrane bound proteins (37), chromatin associated proteins and gene regulatory enzymes which are not soluble in ordinary aqueous buffers and are non-secretory in nature can now be detected in needle biopsies by the above mentioned techniques. Steroid hormone receptor assays are routinely done in many clinical biochemistry laboratories in order to decide whether the tumor from breast, cervix or uterus are hormone dependent or not.
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