Intra-annual thermal patterns in the main rivers of the Sabie Catchment, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Abstract

Water temperatures serve as indices of catchment condition, being a function of a multitude of variables acting as both drivers and buffers, at different temporal and spatial scales. Data loggers were used to record time series of hourly water temperatures within the Sabie, Sand and Marite Rivers of the Sabie catchment, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Two years of hourly water temperatures were scaled up to provide daily statistics of water temperatures, which provided information on intra-annual thermal variability as well as how this changed along the longitudinal axis of the Sabie River. In general, mean and maximum water temperatures, and thermal variability, increased with downstream distance in the Sabie River. Water temperatures in the two main tributaries of the Sabie River, viz. the Marite and Sand Rivers, displayed higher maxima and lower minima than corresponding sites in the Sabie River. Further research on the role of hyporheic water and the contribution of tributaries is proposed, together with additional long-term collection of water temperature time series. Key Words: Water temperatures, Sabie River, Intra-annual variability WaterSA Vol.30(4) 2004: 445-452