Abstract
The zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) low-field magnetic moment m of a dense frozen ferrofluid containing Fe55Co45 particles of size 4.6nm in hexane exhibits irreversibility at temperatures T < T b≈ 30 K. FC in μ 0 H ≤ 1 T gives rise to shifted minor hysteresis loops below T b. At T c≈ 10 K, sharp peaks of m ZFC and of the ac susceptibility χ ′, a kink of the thermoremanent magnetic moment m TRM, a sizeable reduction of the coercive field H c, and the appearance of a spontaneous moment m SFM indicate a phase transition with near mean-field critical behaviour of both m SFM and χ ′ . These features are explained within a core-shell model of nanoparticles, whose strongly disordered shells gradually become blocked below T b, while their soft ferromagnetic cores couple dipolarly and become superferromagnetic (SFM) below T c.
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