Intestinal viral infections of nSARS-CoV2 in the Indian community: Risk of virus spread in India.

Abstract

In December 2019, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (nSARS‐CoV‐2) virus outbreaks emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread all over the world, including India. Molecular diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID) 19 for densely and highly populated countries like India is time‐consuming. A few reports have described the successful diagnosis of nSARS‐CoV‐2 virus from sewage and wastewater samples contaminated with fecal matter, suggesting the diagnosis of COVID 19 from the same to raise an alarm about the community transmission of virus for implementation of evacuation and lockdown strategies. So far, the association between the detection of virus and its concentration in stool samples with severity of the disease and the presence or absence of gastrointestinal symptoms have been rarely reported. We led the search utilizing multiple databases, specifically PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We conducted a literature survey on gastrointestinal infection and the spread of this virus through fecal–oral transmission. Reports suggested that the existence and persistence of nSARS‐CoV‐2 in anal/rectal swabs and stool specimens for a longer period of time than in nasopharyngeal swabs provides a strong tenable outcome of gastrointestinal contamination and dissemination of this infection via potential fecal–oral transmission. This review may be helpful to conduct further studies to address the enteric involvement and excretion of nSARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in feces and control the community spread in both COVID‐19 patients ahead of the onset of symptoms and in asymptomatic individuals through wastewater and sewage surveillance as an early indication of infection. The existence of the viral genome and active viral particle actively participate in genomic variations. Hence, we comprehended the enteric spread of different viruses amongst communities with special reference to nSARS‐CoV‐2.