Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections can have an impact on health and growth of wildlife. The current study aims were to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to molecular characterize Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in captive gibbons at Krabokkoo Wildlife Breeding Center, Thailand. Fifty-five gibbons, 2 agile- (Hylobates agilis), 38 lar- (Hylobates lar) and 15 pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) were included in this study. Fecal samples were collected individually at Krabokkoo Wildlife Breeding Center, Chachoengsao province, eastern Thailand, in November 2013. Intestinal parasitic infections were examined by zinc sulfate centrifugation flotation and by a commercially available immunofluorescent assay (IFA) for detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp.. Polymerase chain reaction targeting the Giardia glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), beta- giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) genes, and the Cryptosporidium small subunit-rRNA and heat-shock protein (hsp70) following by DNA sequencing were performed on the IFA positive samples. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in gibbons at Krabokkoo Wildlife Breeding Center was 12.7% (95%CI: 5.3–24.5), Strongyloides spp. eggs or larvae were present in all positive samples. Co-infections with G. duodenalis were detected in 1.8% (95%CI: 0.1–9.7) of the samples. Based on the sequencing results of the three genes, the IFA Giardia positive isolate typed as the zoonotic genotype B. Since the data reveals the occurrence of zoonotic Giardia genotype, good hygiene management is suggested to prevent the transmission of this pathogen from gibbon to human, and vice versa.
Highlights
Intestinal parasitic infections are the most common causes of gastrointestinal diseases in captive wildlife
The aims of this study were, to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and to molecular characterize Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. isolates to determine the potential of zoonotic transmissions of these pathogens from captive gibbons at Krabokkoo Wildlife Breeding Center, Thailand
Giardia cysts were detected in one fecal sample by immunofluorescent assay (IFA)
Summary
Intestinal parasitic infections are the most common causes of gastrointestinal diseases in captive wildlife. These infections can cause a wide range of clinical signs, from subclinical infections to malabsorption, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, severe dehydration, and death [1,2,3]. Several studies on helminthic parasites in the free-ranging [5,6,7,8,9,10] and captive populations [4, 11,12,13,14,15] of non-human primates (NHP) have been conducted worldwide and they reported a high prevalence of intestinal parasites. Of all intestinal parasites detected in NHP, Strongyloides spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Trichuris spp., Ascaris spp., and hookworms were the most common intestinal parasites
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