Abstract
Aim: to present the modern concept of physiological and pathophysiological impact of microbiome. Summary: Major advances in molecular and cell biology significantly improved our understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as in novel strategies for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of human diseases. Based on modern molecular, genetic, epigenetic microbiologic and biochemical studies it is, on the one hand, possible to identify disease-related point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms within genome-wide association analyses (GWAS). On the other hand, high throughput array and other technologies made it possible to simultaneously analyze thousands of genes (DNA) or gene products (RNA and proteins), resulting in an individual gene or gene expression profile (‘signature’) or to characterize the individual microbiome and its pathogenetic potential. Such data increasingly allow to define the individual disease predisposition and to predict disease prognosis as well as the efficacy of therapeutic strategies in the individual patient (‘personalized medicine’). Conclusion: Studying of human microbiome along with GWAS contributed greatly to the recent advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human diseases.
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