Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a large number of abnormalities in calcium homeostasis: urinary calcium excretion in both human and experimental diabetes is increased; the duodenal calcium absorption is usually decreased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the duodenal calbindin concentration is similarly decreased (Table 1). The osteoblast function also seems to be impaired as suggested by decreased bone formation and possibly decreased bone mass in both experimental and human insulindependent diabetes mellitus (1). Moreover, the fetus or neonate of diabetic mothers have an increased risk for bone and calcium abnormalities, such as the caudal regression syndrome and neonatal hypocalcemia. The pathogenesis of these abnormalities is not well known. We, therefore, used the spontaneously diabetic BB rat, a model of human autoimmune diabetes, to study the effect of insulin deficiency on vitamin D and calcium homeostasis.
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