Abstract
: Introduction: Intestinal apicomplexa protozoa are a recognized cause of gastroenteritis. They are endemic in Honduras and their epidemiology varies in different population groups.Objective: To identify risk factors for cyclosporiasis, cryptosporidiosis, and cystoisosporiasis.Materials and methods: We conducted a case-control study in a hospital-based population. We performed the diagnosis using the modifed Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique and collected the information from laboratory records and clinical charts.Results: Cyclosporiasis was associated with diarrhea (OR=2.28; 95%CI: 1.10-4.89), weight loss (OR=12.7; 95%CI: 2.49-122.00), watery stools (OR=2.42; 95%CI: 1.26-4.65), and infection with another protozoan (OR=3.13; 95%CI: 1.66-5.95). Cryptosporidiosis was associated with HIV infection (OR=15.43; 95%CI: 3.34-71.22), diarrhea (OR=3.52; 95%CI: 1.40-9.40), lymphopenia (OR=6.16; 95%CI: 1.99-18.98), and green color stools (OR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.23-7.30). Cystoisosporiasis was associated with HIV infection (OR=11.20; 95%CI: 3.53-35.44), diarrhea (OR=7.30; 95%CI: 1.89-28.52), leukopenia (OR=4.28; 95%CI: 1.33-13.75), green color stools (OR=11.59; 95%CI: 1.16-558.60), and Charcot-Leyden crystals (OR=11.59; 95%CI: 1.16-558.60).Conclusions: In this hospital-based population from Honduras, HIV infection was a risk factor for cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis, but not for cyclosporiasis.
Highlights
Intestinal apicomplexa protozoa are a recognized cause of gastroenteritis; they are endemic in Honduras and their epidemiology varies in different population groups
Cryptosporidiosis was associated with HIV infection (OR=15.43; 95%CI:3.34, 71.22), diarrhea (OR=3.52, 95%CI:1.40, 9.40), lymphopenia (OR=6.16, 95%CI:1.99, 18.98), green color stools (OR=3.00; 95%CI:1.23, 7.30)
During the period 2013-2019, in the Parasitology Service of the Hospital Escuela located in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, the presence of apicomplexan protozoa was searched in 10,938 patients, identifying 131 (1.2%) cases of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection, 94 (0.9%) of Cryptosporidium spp. and 50 (0.5%) of Cystoisospora belli
Summary
Intestinal apicomplexa protozoa are a recognized cause of gastroenteritis; they are endemic in Honduras and their epidemiology varies in different population groups. Objective: To identify risk factors for cyclosporiasis, cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis. Materials and methods: A case-control study carried out in a hospital-based population. Results: Cyclosporiasis was associated with diarrhea (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.10, 4.89), weight loss (OR=12.7; 95%CI: 2.49, 122.00), watery stools (OR=2.42; 95%CI:1.26, 4.65), infection with another protozoan (OR=3.13; 95%CI:1.66, 5.95). Cryptosporidiosis was associated with HIV infection (OR=15.43; 95%CI:3.34, 71.22), diarrhea (OR=3.52, 95%CI:1.40, 9.40), lymphopenia (OR=6.16, 95%CI:1.99, 18.98), green color stools (OR=3.00; 95%CI:1.23, 7.30). Cystoisosporiasis was associated with HIV infection (OR=11.20; 95%CI:3.53, 35.44), diarrhea (OR=7.30; 95%CI:1.89, 28.52), leukopenia (OR=4.28; 95%CI:1.33, 13.75), green color stools (OR=11.59; 95%CI:1.16, 558.60), Charcot-Leyden crystals (OR=11.59; 95%CI:1.16, 558.60). Conclusions: In this hospital-based population from Honduras, HIV infection was a risk factor for cryptosporidiosis and cystoisosporiasis, but not for cyclosporiasis.
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