Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Won Ju Hwang,Soo Jin Kang

doi:10.3390/ijerph17072267

Abstract

This study examined the effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular disease risk factors among workers. The study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Relevant controlled trials were searched, with selections based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Of 1174 identified publications, one low-quality study was excluded. Finally, 10 were analyzed. The effect sizes were analyzed for heterogeneity, and random effect models (Hedge’s g) were used. A subgroup analysis was performed on the follow-up point of intervention (≤ 12 months vs. > 12 months). Publication bias was also analyzed. Interventions were effective for systolic (g = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.27-1.60) and diastolic blood pressure (g = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.21–1.06), and BMI (g = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.15-1.11). Interventions were ineffective for weight (g = 0.18, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.40) and LDL-cholesterol (g = 0.46, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.93). There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 =78.45 to I2 = 94.61). There was no statistically significant publication bias, except for systolic blood pressure. Interventions to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease risk might be effective in improving physical outcomes, but additional high-quality trials are needed in the future.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for 12.8% of all deaths worldwide and are the leading single cause of death [1]
Interventions were effective for systolic (g = 0.66, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-1.60) and diastolic blood pressure (g = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.21–1.06), and body mass index (BMI) (g = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.15-1.11)
While the interventions for workers varied with respect to their contents, methodology, and outcomes, evidence generally suggests that lifestyle interventions, interventions with longer durations, have a beneficial effect on some CVD risk factors

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for 12.8% of all deaths worldwide and are the leading single cause of death [1]. Mortality due to CVD has been steadily rising over the past 10 years [2]. In Korea, there has been a consistent increase over the past 10 years. There is a need to manage CVD more efficiently. The CVD-related relative mortality rate among Korean workers increased from 37.5% in 2014 to 38.4% in 2015 [3]. CVD among workers is often followed by pneumoconiosis, which was reported to be the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in 2015.

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Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion