Interventions to Increase Blood Donation among Ethnic/Racial Minorities: A Systematic Review.

Jennifer K. Makin,Kate L. Francis,Michael J. Polonsky,Andre M. N. Renzaho

doi:10.1155/2019/6810959

Abstract

Ethnic/racial minorities are under-represented in blood donor populations in most developed countries. This is of particular concern where minorities differ from a country's majority population in terms of blood or tissue typing, especially where type matching is required for effective management of rare disorders such as sickle-cell disease that require multiple transfusions. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of interventions to increase blood donation among ethnic/racial minority populations in developed countries. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ProQuest on 20 March 2017 with no date restrictions and supplemented this with searches on Google Scholar, blood collection agency websites, reference lists of included studies, and a forward search of citations of included studies. We included intervention studies designed to increase recruitment and/or retention of adult, ethnic/racial minority blood donors in developed countries. The review identified eight studies reported in nine publications. Six were conducted in the USA with African Americans. Four studies reported on multifaceted, community-based interventions; three reported on one-off information and educational video interventions, presented face-to-face, or delivered via post or e-mail. The level of evidence for efficacy was low, and the majority of studies were assessed as having some risk of bias related to one or more methodological issues. All eight studies reported positive outcomes in blood donation and/or intention to donate. Seven trials found that the intervention increased presentation for donation, and three found an increase in the percentage of new donors from the ethnic minority targeted. The review findings demonstrate that it is possible to design and implement effective interventions to motivate individuals from ethnic/racial minority groups to donate blood. One-off interventions may be as effective as multifaceted, community-based interventions. There was insufficient evidence to recommend particular interventions, and future research should empirically assess alternative interventions using robust study designs.

Highlights

Ethnic/racial minorities are under-represented in blood donor populations in most developed countries. is is of particular concern where minorities differ from a country’s majority population in terms of blood or tissue typing, especially where type matching is required for effective management of rare disorders such as sickle-cell disease that require multiple transfusions. is systematic review assessed the effectiveness of interventions to increase blood donation among ethnic/racial minority populations in developed countries
Efforts to increase representation of ethnic/racial minorities in blood donor populations are important for three reasons [1]: (1) Individuals from some minority groups may differ from a country’s majority population in terms of extended blood or tissue typing. is underrepresentation of rare blood types is of particular concern in ensuring appropriate blood supplies to avoid alloimmunisation and effectively manage conditions, such as sickle-cell disease, which require frequent transfusions and are more common among certain ethnic/racial minority populations [5]
Six of the eight interventions were conducted in the USA with African Americans [34,35,36,37, 40, 42], one in Canada with the Haitian community [38, 39], and one in France with the Comorian community [41]. ree studies targeted new donors [37, 40, 42], one targeted individuals who had previously donated [34], and three targeted both new and previous donors [35, 36, 38, 39]

Summary

Introduction

Ethnic/racial minorities are under-represented in blood donor populations in most developed countries. is is of particular concern where minorities differ from a country’s majority population in terms of blood or tissue typing, especially where type matching is required for effective management of rare disorders such as sickle-cell disease that require multiple transfusions. is systematic review assessed the effectiveness of interventions to increase blood donation among ethnic/racial minority populations in developed countries. Is systematic review assessed the effectiveness of interventions to increase blood donation among ethnic/racial minority populations in developed countries. We included intervention studies designed to increase recruitment and/or retention of adult, ethnic/racial minority blood donors in developed countries. Is underrepresentation of rare blood types is of particular concern in ensuring appropriate blood supplies to avoid alloimmunisation and effectively manage conditions, such as sickle-cell disease, which require frequent transfusions and are more common among certain ethnic/racial minority populations [5] ( it has recently been noted that in the USA, African Americans do not supply the majority of multiple antigen negative units [6]). (2) With demographics shifting towards an increase in individuals from different ethnic/racial minority populations, the assembly of a large group of potential new donors arises, which is important for ensuring adequate overall blood supply

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Conclusion