Interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in West Africa: a scoping review

Abstract

ObjectivesA quarter of West Africa’s population are adolescents 10-19 years. Their mental, sexual, and reproductive health is inter-related. We therefore aimed to examine published evidence on effectiveness of interventions for adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to inform development, implementation and de-implementation of policies and programs. Study DesignThe study design was a scoping review. MethodsWe considered all qualitative and quantitative research designs that included adolescents 10 to 19 years in any type of intervention evaluation that included adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health. Outcomes were as defined by the researchers. PubMed /Medline, APA PsycINFO, CAIRN, and Google Scholar databases were searched for papers published between January 2000 and 9 November 2023. 1526 English and French language papers were identified. After eliminating duplicates, screening abstracts and then full texts, 27 papers from studies in ECOWAS were included. ResultsInterventions represented three categories: service access, quality, and utilization; knowledge and information access and intersectionality and social determinants of adolescent health. Most studies were small-scale intervention research projects and interventions focused on sexual and reproductive or mental health individually rather than synergistically. The most common evaluation designs were quasi-experimental (13/27) followed by observational studies (8/27); randomized, and cluster randomized controlled trials (5/27), and one realist evaluation. The studies that evaluated policies and programs being implemented at scale used observational designs. ConclusionResearch with robust evaluation designs on synergistic approaches to adolescent mental, sexual and reproductive health policies, interventions, implementation and de-implementation is urgently needed to inform adolescent health policies and programs.