Abstract
BackgroundOur previous clinical evidence suggested that the direct application of “Sanse powder” the main ingredient of “Yiceng” might represent an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. However, the mechanism underlying its effect is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of direct “Sanse powder” application for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats by using lipidomics.MethodsKOA rats were established by cutting the anterior cruciate ligament, and the cold pain threshold and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) of seven rats from each group were measured before modelling (0 days) and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after modelling. Histopathological evaluation of the synovial tissue was performed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining after modelling for 28 days. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins in synovial tissue were measured by western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in synovial tissue were measured using Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Serum lipid profiles were obtained by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS).ResultsThe results confirmed that the direct application of “Sanse powder” had a significant protective effect against KOA in rats. Treatment with “Sanse powder” not only attenuated synovial tissue inflammation but also increased the levels of the cold pain threshold and MWT. In addition, the lipidomics results showed that the levels of diacylglycerol (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAGs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylcholine (PC), fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were restored almost to control levels following treatment.ConclusionsLipidomics provides a better understanding of the actions of direct application “Sanse powder” therapy for KOA.
Highlights
Our previous clinical evidence suggested that the direct application of “Sanse powder” the main ingredient of “Yiceng” might represent an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis
Pharmacological therapy may include the paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or intra-articular corticosteroids, the long-term use of NSAIDs can lead to adverse reactions, such as peptic ulcers and bleeding, and selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors can effectively reduce the incidence of similar events, they can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system [3,4,5]
We observed that the prominent changes in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats in TAGs, DAG, PC, LPC, PE, and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), with the greatest change observed in TAGs
Summary
Our previous clinical evidence suggested that the direct application of “Sanse powder” the main ingredient of “Yiceng” might represent an alternative treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The mechanism underlying its effect is poorly understood. We investigated the mechanism of the effect of direct “Sanse powder” application for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats by using lipidomics. Increasing research suggests that knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a total joint disease involving cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, the meniscus and the synovium [1]. Many studies have shown significant treatment effects of traditional Chinese medicine on KOA. “Sanse powder” is the main component of “Yiceng”, and our previous studies found that “Yiceng” application alleviated synovial inflammation, relieved pain and improved the cold pain threshold [6, 7]. The mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear
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