Intervenções para a aquisição do autocuidado terapêutico da pessoa com diabetes mellitus: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

In Portugal, diabetes has a prevalence of 13.0%, implying huge costs which reflect how each person relates to the disease. Many interventions developed by health care professionals focus on the acquisition of therapeutic self‐care skills. However, there is no systemization of interventions which may be overall accepted in clinical practice.With the aim of validating which interventions have an impact on the acquisition of self‐care skills, a systematic literature review was conducted following the Prisma Statement® methodology. A total of 36 articles were selected based on predefined criteria and among the studies published between January 2006 and November 2013 and accessed through Medline and other databases using ESBSCOhost.The evidence emphasizes the need for greater focus on the person, their personal characteristics, the meaning they assign to the disease or how they position it in their lives. Culturally designed interventions, such as diabetes nurse case management, nurse‐led telephone follow‐up and support provided by reference people (role‐model), are some of the interventions with greater impact on health gains. The benefits of programs co‐created by patients and health care professionals, which include interactive and problem‐solving approaches, were demonstrated. Nurses are the professionals who are more often considered as major facilitators of educational support and self‐care.