Interval and Continuous Exercise Regimens Suppress Hypoxia‐induced Thrombin Generation by Decreased Release of Procoagulant‐rich Microparticles from Neutrophils

Abstract

The release of procoagulant-rich microparticles from neutrophils accelerates the pathogenesis of inflammatory thrombosis. This study explicates the manner in which interval and continuous exercise regimens affect neutrophil-derived microparticles (NDMP) release and NDMP-mediated thrombin generation (TG). Twenty sedentary males were randomly divided into moderate continuous exercise training group (MCT; 60% VO2max, n=10) and aerobic interval exercise training group (AIT; 3-minute intervals at 80% and 40% of VO2max, n=10) for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks. The NDMP characteristics and dynamic TG parameters were measured by two-color flow cytometry and calibrated, automatic thrombinography, respectively. Acute 12%O2 exercise increased release of micrparticles from neutrophils and up-regulated expression of phosphatidylserine (PS) on NDMP, which responses were accompanied by elevated thrombin peak height and increased TG rate in NDMP-rich plasma. However, both MCT and AIT for 5 weeks decreased levels of tissue factor-rich and PS-exposed microparticles released from neutrophils and depressed NDMP-mediated dynamic TG in plasma at rest and following the 12%O2 exercise. Therefore, we conclude that both MCT and AIT ameliorates NDMP-induced TG by down-regulated expressions of pro-coagulant factors on NDMP at performing 12%O2 exercise, which may, in turn, decrease the risk of inflammatory thrombosis evoked by hypoxic stress.