Intertrochanteric fracture: Association between the coronal position of the lag screw and stress distribution

Abstract

The best position of the lag screw in the femoral head for the fixation of intertrochanteric fracture is controversial. Traditional view suggests that it should be positioned in the central axis of the femoral neck with a tip-apex distance (TAD) of <25mm, but the mechanical properties have not been reported yet. Herein, we aimed to investigate internal fixation with the lag screw placed in different positions on the femoral coronal plane by performing a finite element analysis and to identify a reasonable lag screw position after the internal stress distributions at the femoral head. A three-dimensional finite element model of a healthy male's femur was set up, on which the intertrochanteric fracture model with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFN-A) was based. Nine modalities of the model were established in accordance with different lag screw positions in the femoral head. Three-dimensional finite element calculations were conducted, and the distribution trends of characteristic high-stress concentration points were observed. The area of high-stress concentration was distributed from the top of the femoral head to the medial cortex of the trochanteric region. Four characteristic high-stress concentration points were observed, and the following trends indicated that the lower the position of the lag screw, the greater its length. A longer and lower lag screw may make the fixation sustain greater stress, reduce bone tissue stress correspondingly in intertrochanteric fractures fixated with PFN-A, and sustain greater stress and more cyclic load at the same bone density.