Intertidal assemblage variation across a subtropical estuarine gradient: How good conceptual and empirical models are?

Abstract

Variation of intertidal macrobenthic structure at multiple spatial scales is still poorly known in tropical and subtropical estuaries. We have assessed the structural responses of intertidal benthic assemblages, expressed by variation in number of species, abundance and assemblage composition, to key environmental drivers in a subtropical estuary from southern Brazil. We have applied a hierarchical sampling design to assess benthic variation at each of several spatial scales, from meters to kilometers, along a marked estuarine gradient. The hypothesis that many benthic variables vary at the largest spatial scale, corresponding to the salinity gradient, was refuted for number of species but not for total abundance and species composition. However, physiological stress to salinity variation, an important environmental driver in estuaries, could not explain by itself macrobenthic distribution along local intertidal flats. Nutrient, organic matter, photosynthetic pigments contents, pH, grain size, silt–clay content and the redox discontinuity layer also varied at the largest spatial scale acting as confounding factors. Thus, overall distribution patterns of intertidal benthic assemblages resulted from a complex interaction among environmental drivers, including salinity.