Abstract
Silicon-based lasers have long been sought, since they will permit monolithic integration of photonics with high-speed silicon electronics and thereby significantly broaden the reach of silicon technology. Among the various approaches that are currently being pursued to overcome the intrinsic limitations of Si as an efficient light source, intersubband transitions in Si-based quantum well structures offer a rather feasible alternative that conveniently circumvents the indirect-band nature of Si. Various approaches for achieving lasing action based on intersubband transitions within the group-IV materials are reviewed. Relevant theories are presented in detail. Challenges facing the valence band approach, which has not so far been successful, are analyzed, and proposals that bring the intersubband process to the conduction band are discussed.
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