Interstitial precipitation in Fe-Cr-Al alloys

Abstract

Two separate stages of precipitation have been identified during the aging of ternary Fel8Cr3Al and Fel8Cr5Al alloys at temperatures in the vicinity of 475 °C. The first stage involves the formation of interstitial precipitates resulting from C and N impurities; the second and slower stage is the formation of the Cr-rich α′ phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that carbonitride precipitation occurs preferentially at dislocations, stacking faults, and grain boundaries, and also uniformly through the matrix. Aging for times in excess of 400 hours at 475 °C promotes coarsening of the heterogeneous precipitates and dissolution of the uniformly distributed matrix particles. A resistometric analysis shows that the kinetics of the initial stages of precipitation can be described by a (time)2/3 relation. This kinetic behavior is explained in terms of stress-assisted diffusion in the highly stressed matrix resulting from coherency strains accompanying carbonitride precipitation. Experimental values of the activation energy for the first stage reaction correlate closely with those reported for the interstitial diffusion of C and N in alpha iron.