Interstitial cystitis: An overview and discussion of treatment options

Abstract

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammation of the bladder largely defined by its symptoms of urgency, frequency, and pelvic pain. These symptoms can often be severe and incapacitating, leading patients to seek care from multiple providers. The etiology of IC is unknown, and as a diagnosis of exclusion, other entities such as infection, bladder tumors, or bladder instability must be ruled out. Unfortunately, once the diagnosis of IC is made, there still may be considerable delay in relief from symptoms because no single treatment is effective for all patients. Treatment strategies include dietary and behavior modifications, systemic medications, local installation of medication into the bladder, and both cystoscopic and open surgical techniques. It is especially important that patients have an understanding of their disease and that they participate in their treatment to some extent. We suggest starting with conservative therapy, proceeding to more invasive methods as necessary.