Interspecific mating in the Piriqueta caroliniana (turneraceae) complex: effects of pollen load size and composition

Abstract

Two taxa of Piriqueta (P. caroliniana and P. viridis) form a broad hybrid zone that extends over much of the central Florida peninsula. We used genetic markers to examine the strength of the isolation barriers between these taxa and the patterns of mating at the initial stages of hybridization. Regression models were employed to analyze the effects of pollen load size and the proportions of intra- and interspecific pollen on the frequency of first-generation (F1) hybrid formation. Overall, the postpollination mating barriers between these two taxa were relatively weak. However, there were significant effects of pollen load composition and size on the patterns of hybridization in both taxa with frequency-dependent responses to composition in both taxa. The frequency of F1 hybrid formation was generally lower than expected based on the frequency of each pollen type on the stigma for P. caroliniana recipients. The lower frequencies of F1 seeds in this taxon were apparently due to a greater competitive ability for intraspecific pollen, since hybrid seed formation decreased with increasing pollen load size. Pollen from P. caroliniana donors was also competitively superior on P. viridis recipients, leading to higher than expected frequencies of hybrid seed formation. Pollen from P. caroliniana did suffer higher rates of pollen-tube attrition than intraspecific pollen on P. viridis recipients, so the frequency of hybrid seed formation would be lower when pellen load sizes were small. In general, reproductive isolation mechanisms were stronger in P. caroliniana, suggesting that introgression should occur into P. viridis when these taxa come into close contact. Comparison of these expected patterns of mating to the distribution of hybrid genotypes in Florida provides insights into the relative roles of mating and selection in the evolution of hybrid populations of Piriqueta.