Interspecies Regulation Between Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus aureus Colonized on Healed Skin After Injury.

Kohei Ogura,Kana Shibata,Tohru Miyoshi-Akiyama,Hiroka Furuya,Shinya Watanabe,Junko Sugama,Natsuki Takahashi,Kazuhiro Ogai,Maho Endo,Shigefumi Okamoto,Longzhu Cui

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.818398

Abstract

Staphylococcus spp. colonize commensally on the human skin. Some commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus are also involved in nosocomial infections. Bacteria were collected from skin healed from pressure injury (PI). After the collection time points, some patients suffered from recurrent PI (RPI). This study analyzed the characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. on healed skin before recurrence between healed skin that suffered from RPI within 6 weeks (RPI group) and healed skin that did not suffer within the duration (non-RPI group) by Staphylococcus spp.-specific sequencing. Of the seven patients in the RPI group, two were dominated by S. aureus and four by Staphylococcus caprae, coagulase-negative human commensal staphylococci in the RPI group. Using mouse models, both S. caprae and S. aureus, but not Staphylococcus epidermidis, colonized on skin healed from injury at significantly higher rates than normal skin. Although subcutaneous injection of S. caprae did not induce lesion formation, the bacterium exhibited high hemolytic activity on human red blood cells. Lesion formation by subcutaneous injection of S. aureus was significantly suppressed in the presence of S. caprae. The hemolytic activity of rabbit blood cells of S. aureus was suppressed by S. caprae, whereas the hemolytic activity of S. caprae was dramatically suppressed by S. aureus. Data indicated that each of the two Staphylococcus spp. suppresses the pathogenicity of the other and that the imbalance between the two is associated with RPI.

Highlights

The skin is covered with numerous microorganisms, mainly bacteria (Kong, 2011)
We focused on skin microbiome associated with recurrent Pressure injuries (PIs) (RPI)
16S rRNA metataxonomics revealed that the abundance of Staphylococcus spp. was significantly higher in RPI-healed sites than non-RPI-healed sites (p = 0.002, Mann– Whitney U test) (Shibata et al, 2021) and that the abundance was significantly in the healed sites than the control sites (p < 0.01, Welch’s t-test), indicating composition of staphylococci is involved in RPI

Summary

Introduction

The skin is covered with numerous microorganisms, mainly bacteria (Kong, 2011). Bacteria reside on the epidermis and form commensal microbiota (Byrd et al, 2018). The skin’s microbial composition is not usually changed for a duration of years (Oh et al, 2016; Ogai et al, 2021a), in case of damage to the skin’s barrier function, the microbiome has an imbalance, followed by an increase of pathogenic bacteria, leading to cutaneous inflammatory disorders (Belkaid and Segre, 2014; Naik et al, 2015). Recent studies have shown that the skin microbiome is associated with diabetic foot ulcer, one of the major types of chronic wounds (Kalan and Brennan, 2019). On the diabetic foot ulcer, Staphylococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. tend to be highly prevalent, followed by mixed anaerobic communities (Loesche et al, 2017). Grice et al (2010) found in mouse models that a longitudinal shift in the diabetic wound microbiota is correlated with prolonged skin defense response

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