Interseeded cover crops did not reduce silage corn performance in the sandy loam soils of South Carolina

Abstract

AbstractA major concern with interseeding summer cover crops alongside cash crops is the possibility of cover crops competing with the main crop for water and nutrients and thus, reducing the main crop yields. We conducted on‐farm trials in the sandy loam soils of the upstate of South Carolina in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the effect of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and their mixture interseeded at V4, V7, and V10 corn growth stages on silage corn performance and soil moisture content. We found that none of the cover crops affected silage corn height and aboveground biomass production regardless of the interseeding time. Further, the volumetric water content in the upper 20‐cm soil profile was not decreased by cover crops irrespective of their interseeding time. At physiological maturity, corn height, aboveground biomass, and volumetric water content ranged between 131 and 163 cm, 9 and 23 Mg ha−1, and 10% and 22%, respectively, in season‐1 and between 181 and 216 cm, 0.48 and 1.03 Mg ha−1, and 10% and 17%, respectively, in season‐2 when interseeded with cover crops. When cover crops were not interseeded, the average corn height, aboveground biomass, and volumetric water content values were 152 cm, 13 Mg ha−1, and 13%, respectively, in season‐1 and 204 cm, 0.7 Mg ha−1, and 14%, respectively, in season‐2. These results would encourage farmers who want to consider cover crop interseeding with corn in the regional production systems.